Ceramic coffee mug for the scientist in your life. The periodic table, also known as the periodic table of chemical elements, systematically arranges all known chemical elements into rows (periods) and columns (groups) based on their increasing atomic number. This organizational structure enables scientists to easily access information about elements such as atomic mass and chemical symbol. Moreover, the layout of the periodic table facilitates the identification of patterns and trends in elemental properties, including electronegativity, ionization energy, and atomic radius.